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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

王宝友：工业互联网赋能实体经济高质量发展******

　　光明网讯（记者 雷渺鑫）1月6日，由中国工信出版传媒集团主办，北京信通传媒·通信世界全媒体承办的“2023 ICT行业趋势年会”在北京召开。中国工业互联网研究院总工程师王宝友以《工业互联网赋能实体经济高质量发展》为主题发表了演讲。

　　王宝友表示，工业互联网是融合新一代信息技术与先进制造业技术的新兴业态，是工业发展连接枢纽，是数字基建，是工业转型升级的关键依托。

　　“近年来，我国工业互联网赋能实体经济发展成效显著。”王宝友说道。一是工业互联网成为实体经济稳定增长的重要引擎。二是工业互联网持续赋能行业转型升级、融通发展。三是工业互联网优化就业结构、稳定就业增长。四是工业互联网促进区域协同发展。

　　针对工业互联网赋能实体经济发展的理论逻辑和技术逻辑问题，王宝友发表了自己的看法。他表示，从理论逻辑来看，工业互联网是产业数字化转型和实体经济高质量发展的新型基础设施，并可促进生产要素、生产力和生产关系变革，夯实产业数字化发展根基，在发展中逐步成为实现企业数字化转型的物理载体。而技术逻辑则从工业互联网的四个要素，即网络、平台、数据和安全方面，助力数据价值最大化、赋能实体经济。

　　工业互联网作为推动数字经济与实体经济融合发展的关键支撑，已成为全面开启数字经济新时代的“金钥匙”。然而，在数字化转型升级的历史关口，如何进一步促进工业互联网赋能实体经济发展？对此，王宝友提出以下几点思考：

　　首先，立足工业视角。每一次工业革命，都是共性赋能技术与制造技术的深度融合，在这个过程中，工业企业始终占据主导地位，对融合过程发挥主导作用。

　　其次，重视中小企业。要加强基础设施建设，做好中小企业的共享。同时加强与中小企业的合作，带动中小企业数字化转型。健全优质服务体系，建设一些赋能平台、转型服务平台、数字化转型服务中心等公共服务平台。

　　最后，坚持长期思维。工业互联网的发展不是一蹴而就的事情，其赋能实体经济的进程是渐进的、螺旋式前进的，是需要长期积累并且持续优化的过程，不能急于求成。

　　“工业互联网须与行业特有的技术、知识、经验、痛点紧密结合，需要政府引导、业界深耕、技术突破、资本浇灌、其建设发展，是一场持久战、攻坚战。”王宝友说。

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）